Toe: hallux varus (Latin hallux = big toe) - inward deviation of the big toe away from the second toe.A notable subtype is clubfoot or talipes equinovarus, which is where one or both feet are rotated inwards and downwards. Ankle: talipes varus (from Latin talus = ankle and pes = foot).Knee: genu varum (from Latin genu = knee) - the tibia is turned inward in relation to the femur, resulting in a bowlegged deformity.

It occurs when the shinbone growth plate closes prematurely, causing asymmetrical growth of the tibia. It is a bone deformity where the distal tibia is turned inward toward the body.

Hip: coxa vara - the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur is reduced, resulting in a limp. Pes varus is a Latin term that combines pes (foot) and varus (inward).

a mid-shaft tibial fracture with varus deformity) refers to the distal segment in a varus alignment compared to the proximal segment. Thus, a varus deformity of the tibia (i.e. Experts suggest that the condition is inherited, and affected puppies inherit a copy of the gene mutation from both the sire and dam parents. However, the geneticists agree that this is a genetic-based problem. Equally well known is the association of rigid flatfoot deformity with calcaneonavicular. Typically a neuropathic etiology is sought. When the terminology refers to a bone rather than a joint, the distal segment of the bone is being described. Pes varus is a rare condition in dachshunds and hasn’t been researched properly. The diagnosis of idiopathic pes cavo-varus is one of exclusion.

It is correct for a knock-kneed deformity to be called both a varus deformity at the hip ( coxa vara) and a valgus deformity at the knee ( genu valgum) although the common terminology is to simply refer to it as a valgus knee.

valgus impaction in a Garden I femoral neck fracture).

Application of these words in adjectival form to other portions of the body by the medical community has resulted in their definitions changing so that they now refer to the angle of the distal segment (i.e.

In current usage, as noted above, a varus deformity of the knee describes bowed legs, but in the original latin, varus meant 'knock-kneed.' Similarly, while a valgus deformity of the knee would currently describe knocked knees, the original latin meaning was 'bow-legged'

The terms varus and valgus are both latin, but confusingly, their latin meanings conflict with their current usage.

The terminology is made confusing by the etymology of these words.